[Article 150]
TRANSITIONAL AND TEMPORARY PROVISIONS
Art. 1.- Dissolution of Constituent Assembly.
Upon the commencement of this Constitution, the Constitution Assembly, having discharged its responsiblility of framing a Constitution for the Republic, shall stand dissolved.
Art. 2.- First elections.
(1) The First general election of members of Parliament shall be held as soon as possible after the commencement of this Constitution and for this purpose the electional rolls prepared under the Bangladesh Electoral Rolls, order 1972 (P.O. No. 104 of 1972) shall be deemed to be the electoral rolls prepared in accordance with article 119.
(2) For the purpose of the first general election of members of Parliament, the delimitation of constituences made for the purpose of elections to constitute the erstwhile Provincial Assembly, and published in 1970, shall be deemed to be made under article 119, and the Election Commission shall, after incorporating such changes, as it may consider necessary, in the nomenclature of any constituency or any subdivision of than a included therein, publish, by public notification, the list of such constituencies:
- Provided that provision may be made by law to give effect to the provision relating to seats women members referred to in clause (3) of articles 65.
Art. 3.- Provisions for maintaining continuity and interim arrangements.
(1) All laws made or purported to having been made in the period between the 26th day of March, 1971 and the commencement of this Constitution, all powers exercised and all things done during that period, under authority derived or purported to have been derived from the Proclamation of Independence or any law, are hereby ratified and confirmed and are declared to have been duly made, exercised and done according to law.
(2) Until the day upon which Parliament first meets pursuant to the provisions of this Constitution, the executive and legislative powers of the Republic (including the power of the President, on the advice of the Prime Minister, to legislate by order) shall notwithstanding the repeal of the Provisional Constitution of Bangladesh Order, 1972, be exercised in all respects in the manner in which, immediately before the commencement of the Constitution, they have been exercised.
(3) Any provision of this Constitution enabling or requiring Parliament to legislate shall, until the day upon which Parliament first meets as aforesaid, be construed as enabling the President of legislate by order, and any order made under this paragraph shall have effect as if the provisions thereof had been enacted by Parliament.
124[Art. 3A.- Validation of certain Proclamations, etc.
[(1) The Proclamations of the 20th August, 1975, and 8th November, 1975, and Third Proclamation of the 29th November, 1976, and all other Proclamations and Orders amending or supplementing them, hereinafter in this paragraph collectively referred to as the said Proclamations and all Martial Law Regulations, Martial Law Orders and all other laws made during the period between the 15th day of August, 1975 and the date of revocation of the said Proclamations and withdrawal of Martial Law (both days inclusive), hereinafter in this paragraph referred to as the said period, shall be deemed to have been validly made and shall not be called in question in or before any Court or Tribunal on any ground whatsoever.
(2) All orders made, act and things done, and actions and proceedings taken, or purported to have been made, done or taken, by the President or the Chief Martial Law Administrator or by any other person or authority during the said period, in exercise or purported exercise of the powers derived from any of the said Proclamations or any Martial Law Regulation or Martial Law Order or any other law, or in execution of or in compliance with any order made or sentence passed by any Court or authority in the exercise or purported exercise of such powers, shall be deemed to have been validly made, done or taken and shall not be called in question in or before any Court, or Tribunal on any ground whatsoever.
(3) No suit, prosecution or other legal proceding shall lie in any Court or Tribunal against any person or authority for or on account of or in respect of any order made, act or thing done, or action or proceeding taken whether in the exercise or purported exercise of the powers referred to in sub-paragraph (2) or in execution of or in compliance with orders made or sentences passed in exercise or purported exercise of such powers.
(4) All amendments, additions, modifications, substitutions and omissions made in this Constitution by the said Proclamations shall have effect as if such amendments, additions, modifications, substitutions and omissions were made in accordance with, and in compliance with the requirements of this Constitution.
(5) Upon the revocation of the said Proclamations and the withdrawal of Martial Law this Constitution shall, subject to amendments, additions, modifications, substitutions and omissions as aforesaid, have effect and operate as if it had been in continuous operation.
(6) The revocation of the said Proclamations and the withdrawal of Martial Law shall not review or restore any right or privilege which was not existing at the time of such revocation and withdrawal.
(7) All laws in force immediately before the revocation of the said Proclamations and withdrawal of Martial Law shall, subject to the Proclamation revoking the said Proclamationa an withdrawing the Martial Law, continue in force until altered, amended or repealed by the competent authority.
125[(8) The General Clauses Act, 1897, shall apply to the said Proclamations and the Martial Law Regulations and Martial Law Orders made during the said period and also to the revocation of the said Proclamations and the withdrawal of Martial Law and the repeal of the said Martial Law Regulations and Martial Law Orders as it applies to, and to the repeal of, an Act of Parliament as if the said Proclamations and the Proclamation revoking them and withdrawing the Martial Law and the Marital Law Regulations and Martial Law Orders were all Acts of Parliament.
(9) In the event of any conflit, contradiction, discrepancy or inconsistency between the Bengali and the English text of the Constitution, in so far as it relates to any amendment, addition, modification, substitution or omission made in any of the texts or in both the texts by the said Proclamations, the English text shall prevail.
(10) In this paragraph, 'law' includes Ordinances, rules, regulations, bye-law, orders, notifications and other instruments having the force of law.]]
Art. 4.- President.
(1) The person holding office as President of Bangladesh immediately before the commencement of this Constitution shall hold office as President, as if elected to that office under this Constitution, until a person elected as President under article 48 enters upon office:
- Provided that the holding of office under this paragraph shall not be taken into account for the purposes of clause (2) of article 50.
Art. 5.- Prime Minister and other Ministers.
The person holding office as Prime Minister, immediately before the date of the commencement of this Constitution shall until his successor appointed under article 56 after the first general election held under this Constitution enters upon office, hold office as Prime Minister as if appointed to that office under this Constitution, and the persons holding office as Ministers immediately before that date shall continue to hold office as Ministers until the Prime Minister otherwise directs, and nothing in article 56 shall prevent the appointment of other Ministers on the advice of the Prime Minister.
Art. 6.- Judiciary.
(1) The person holding office as Chief Justice immediately before the date of the Commencement of this Constitution and every person who then held office as judge of the High Court constituted by the Provisional Constitution of Bangladesh Order, 1972, shall as from that date hold office as if appointed under article 95 as Chief Justice or, as the case may be, as judge.
(2) The persons (other than the Chief Justice) holding office as judges pursuant to sub-paragraph (1) of this paragraph shall at the commencement of this Constitution be deemed to have been appointed to the High Court Division, and appointments to the Appellate Division shall be made in accordance with article 94.
(3) All legal proceedings pending in the High Court immediately before the commencement of this Constitution (other than those referred to in sub-parapraph (4) of this paragraph) shall be transferred to and be deemed to be pending before the High Court Division for determination, and any judgement or order of the High Court delivered or made before the commencement of this Constitution shall have the same force and effect as if it had been delivered or made by the High Court Division.
(4) All legal proceedings pending before the Appellate Division of the High Court immediately before the commencement of this Constitution shall be transferred to the Appellate Division for determination and any judgment or order of the former division delivered or made before the commencement of this Constitution shall have the same force and effect as if it had been delivered or made by the Appellate Division.
(5) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution and of any other law-
- (a) all original, appellate and other jurisdiction which was vested in the High Court constituted by the Provisional Constitution of Bangladesh Order, 1972 (other than jurisdiction vested in the Appellate Division of that Court) shall from the commencement of this constitution, vest in an be exercised by the High Court Division;
(b) all civil, criminal and revenue courts and tribunals exercising jurisdiction and functions immediately before the commencement of this Constitution shall continue to exercise their respective jurisdictions and functions, and all persons holding office in such courts and tribunals shall continue to hold their respective offices.
(7) Nothing in this paragraph shall after the operation of any existing law relating to the abatement of proceedings.
126[Art. 6A.- Provisions as to existing Judges and pending proceedings.
(1) The person holding office of Chief Justice of Bangladesh immediately before the commencement of the Second Proclamation (Seventh Amendment) Order, 1976 (hereinafter referred to as the said Order), and every person who then held office as Judge or Additional Judge of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court shall as from such commencement hold office as Chief Justice, Judge or Additional Judge of the Supreme Court, as the case may be on the same terms and conditions as to remuneration and other privileges as were applicable to him immediately before such commencement.
(2) A person holding office as Judge or Additional Judge of the High Court Division of the Supreme Court immediately before the commencement of the said Order shall as from such commencement hold office as Judge or Additional Judge of the High Court as the case may be, on the same terms and conditions as the remuneration and other privileges as were applicable to him immediately before such commencement.
(3) All legal proceedings pending before the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court immediately before the commencement of the said Order shall on such commencement stand transferred to and be denied to be pending before, the Supreme Court for determination; and any judgment, or order of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court delivered or made before such commencement shall have the same force and effect as if it had been delivered or made by the Supreme Court.
(4) All legal proceedings pending before the High Court Division of the Supreme Court immediately before the commencement of the said Order shall on such commencement stand transferred to, and be deemed to be pending before, the Supreme court for determination; and any judgement or order of the High Court Division delivered or made before such commencement shall have the same force and effect as if had been delivered or made by the High Court.
(5) Subject to the other provisions of this Constitution, the Supreme Court shall have the same functions, jurisdiction and powers as were, immediately before the commencement of the said Order, exercisable by the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court, and references in any law, legal instrument or other documents to the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court shall, unless the context otherwise requires, be construed as references to the Supreme Court.
(6) Subject to the other provisions of this Constitution, the High Court shall have the same functions, jurisdiction and powers as were, immediately before the commencement of the said Order, exercisable by the High Court Division of the Supreme Court, and references in any law, legal instrument or other document to the High Court Division of the Supreme Court shall, unless the context otherwise requires, be construed as references to the High Court.]
127[Art. 6B.- Provisions as to Judges of the Supreme Court and High Court existing before the Second Proclamation Order No. 1 of 1977 proceedings pending before commencement of that Order, etc.-
(1) A person holding office as Chief Justice or Judge or Additional Judge of the Supreme Court of Chief Justice or Judge or Additional Judge of the High Court immediately before the Commencement of the Second Proclamation (Tenth Amendment) Order, 1977 (hereinafter referred to as the said Order), shall , if he has attained the age of sixty-two years on the date of such commencement, stand retired on that date.
(2) A person holding office as Chief Justice or Judge or Additional Judge of the Supreme Court immediately before the commencement of the said Order shall, if he has not attained the age of sixty-two years on the date of such commencement, as from such commencement hold office as Chief Justice of Bangladesh or Judge or Additional Judge of the Appellate Division as the case may be, on the same terms and conditions as to remuneration and other privileges as were applicable to him immediately before such commencement.
(3) The person holding office as Chief Justice of the High Court immediately before the commencement of the said Order shall, if he has not attained the age of sixty-two years on the date of such commencement, as from such commencement hold office as Judge of the High Court Division on the same terms and conditions as to remuneration and other privileges as were applicable to him immediately before such commencement.
(4) A person holding office as Judge or Additional Judge of the High Court immediately before the commencement of the said Order shall, if he has not attained the age of sixty-two years on the date of such commencement, as from such commencement hold office as Judge or Additional Judge of the High Court Division, as the case may be, on the same terms and conditions as to remuneration and other privileges as were applicable to him immediately before such commencement.
(5) All legal proceedings pending before the Supreme Court immediately before the commencement of the said Order shall on such commencement stand transferred to, and be deemed to be pending before, the Appellate Division for determination; and any judgment or order of the Supreme Court delivered or made before such commencement shall have the same force and effect as if it had been delivered or made by the Appellate Division.
(6) All legal proceedings pending before the High Court immediately before the commencement of the said Order shall on such commencement stand transferred to, and be deemed to be pending before, the High Court Division for determination; and any judgment or order of the High Court delivered or made before such commencement shall have the same force and effect as if it had been delivered or made by the High Court Division.
(7) Subject to the other provisions of this Constitution, the Appellate Division shall have the same functions, jurisdiction and powers as were, immediately before the commencement of the said Order, exercisable by the Supreme Court, and references in any law, legal instrument or other document to the Supreme Court shall, unless the context otherwise requires, be construed as references to the Appellate Division.
(8) Subject to the other provisions of this Constitution, the High Court Division shall have the same functions, jurisdiction and powers as were, immediately before the commencement of this said Order, exercisable by the High Court, and references in any law, legal instrument or other document to the High Court shall, unless the context otherwise requires, be construed as references to the High Court Division.
(9) The person holding office as Advocate-General immediately before the commencement of the said Order shall on such commencement cease to hold office.]
Art. 7.- Interim rights of appeal.
An Appeal to the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court shall lie, notwithstanding any limitation as to time, against any judgment, decree, order or sentence delivered, issued or pronounced since the 1st day of March, 1971 by any High Court of Bangladesh (Amendment) Order, 1972 (P.O. No. 91 of 1972 functioning in the territory of Bangladesh:
Provided that article 103 shall apply in respect of any such appeal as it applies in respect of appeals from the High Court Division:
Provided further that no appeal under this article shall be lodged after the expiration of the period of ninety days from the commencement of this Constitution.
Art. 8.- Election Commission.
(1) The Election Commission existing immediately before the date of commencement of this Constitution, shall, as from that date be deemed to be the Election Commission established by this Constitution.
(2) The person holding office as Chief Election Commissioner, and every person holding office as Election Commissioner, immediately before the date of the commencement of this Constitution, shall, as from that date, hold office as if appointed to such office under this Constitution.
Art. 9.- Public Service Commission.
(1) The public service commissions existing immediately before the date of the commencement of this Constitution, shall as from that date, be deemed to be public service commissions established under this Constitution.
(2) Every person holding office as chairman or other member of a public service commission immediately before the date of the commencement of this Constitution, shall, as from that date hold office as if appointed to that office under Constitution.
Art. 10.- Public service.
(1) Subject to this Constitution and to any other law-
- (a) any person who immediately before the commencement of this Constitution was in the service of the Republic shall continue in that service on the same terms and conditions as were applicable to him immediately before such commencement;
(b) all authorities and all officers, judicial, executive and ministerial throughout Bangladesh exercising functions immediately before the commencement of this Constitution, shall, as from such commencement, continue to exercise their respective functions.
- (a) derogate from the continued operation of the Government of Bangladesh (Services) Order, 1972 (P.O. No. 9 of 1972), or the Government of Bangladesh (Services Screening) Order, 1972 (P.O. No. 67 of 1972);
(b) prevent the making of any law varying or revoking the conditions of service (including remuneration, leave, person rights and rights relating to disciplinary matters) of persons employed at any time before the commencement of this Constitution or of person continuing in the service of the Republic under the provisions of the paragraph.
Art. 11.- Oaths for continuance in office.
Any person who, under this Schedule, is continued in an office in respect of which a form of oath or affirmation is set out in the Third Schedule shall, as soon as practicable after the commencement of this Constitution, make and subscribe before the appropriate person an oath or affirmation in that form.
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Art. 13.- Taxation.
All taxes and fees imposed under any law in force in Bangladesh immediately before the commencement of this Constitution shall continue to be imposed but may be varied or abolished by law.
Art. 14.- Interim financial arrangements.
Unless Parliament otherwise resolves, the Provisions of articles 87, 89, 90 and 91 of this Constitution shall not have effect in respect of the financial year current at the commencement of this Constitution, and expenditure defrayed during that year out of the Consolidated Fund or the Public Account of the Republic shall be deemed to have been validly incurred:
- Provided that the President shall, as soon as is practicable, cause a statement of all such expenditure, authenticated by his signature, to be laid before Parliament.
Art. 15.- Audit of past accounts.
The powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General under this Constitution shall apply in respect of all accounts relating to the financial year current at the commencement of this condition and to earlier years and the reports of the Comptroller and Auditor-General relating to such accounts shall be submitted to the President who shall cause them to be laid before Parliament. Audit of Past Accounts.
Art. 16.- Property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations of the Government.
(1) All property, assets and rights which immediately before the commencement of this Constitution were vested in the Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh or any person or authority on its behalf shall vest in the Republic.
(2) All liabilities and obligations of the Government of the Republic as they existed immediately before the commencement of this Constitution shall continue to be the liabilities and obligations of the Republic.
(3) No liability or obligation of any other government which at any time functioned in the territory of Bangladesh is or shall be a liability or obligation of the Republic unless it is expressly accepted by the Government of the Republic.
Art. 17.- Adaptation of laws and removal of difficulties.
(1) For the purpose of bringing the provisions of any law in force in Bangladesh into conformity with this Constitution the President may, within the period of two years from the commencement of this Constitution, by order, amend or suspend the operation of such provisions and any order so made may have retrospective effect. Adaptation of laws and removal of difficulties.
(2) The President may, for the purpose of removing any difficulties in relation to the transition from the provisional constitutional arrangements existing before the commencement of this Constitution to the arrangements under this Constitution by order, direct that this Constitution shall, during such period as may be specified in the order, have effect subject to such adaptations, whether by way of modification, addition or omission, as he may deem necessary or expedient:
- Provided that no such order shall be made after the first meeting of the Parliament constituted under this Constitution.
129[Art. 18.- Ratification and confirmation of Proclamations, etc.
All Proclamations, Proclamation Orders, Marital Law Regulations, Martial Law Orders and other laws made during the period between the 15th August, 1975, and the 9th April, 1979 (both days inclusive), all amendments, additions, modifications, substitutions and omissions made in this Constitution during the said period by any such Proclamation, all orders made, acts and things done, and actions and proceedings taken, or purported to have been made, done or taken, by any person or authority during the said period in exercise of the powers derived or purported to have been derived from any such Proclamation, Martial Law Regulation, Marital Law Order or any other law, or in execution of or in compliance with any order made or sentence passed by any court, tribunal or authority in the exercise or purported exercise of such powers, are hereby ratified and confirmed and are declared to have been validly made, done or taken and shall not be called in question in or before any court, tribunal or authority on any ground whatsoever.
130[Art. 19.- Ratification and confirmation of the Proclamation of the 24th March, 1982, etc.
(1) The Proclamation of the 24th March, 1982 hereinafter in this paragraph referred to as the said Proclamation, and all other Proclamations, Procal-mation Order, Chief Marital Law Administrator's Orders, Martial Law Regulations, Martial Law Orders, Martial Law Instructions, Ordinances and all other laws made during the period between the 24th March, 1982, and the date of commencement of the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1986 (Act 1 of 1986) (both days inclusive), hereinafter in this paragraph referred to as the said period, are hereby retified and confirmed and declared to have been validly made and shall not be called in question in or before any court, tribunal or authority on any ground whatsoever.
(2) All orders made, acts and things done, and actions and proceedings taken, or purported to have been made, done or taken, by the President or the Chief Martial Law Administrator or by any other person or authority during the said period, in exercise or purported exercise of the powers derived from the said Proclamation or from any other Proclamation, Proclamation Order, Chief martial Law Administrator's Order, Martial Law Regulation, Martial Law Order, Martial Law Instruction, Ordinance or any other Law, or in execution of or in compliance with any order made or sentence passed by any court, tribunal or authority in the exercise or purported exercise of such powers, shall be deemed to have been validly made, done or taken and shall not be called in question in or before any court, tribunal or authority on any ground whatsoever.
(3) No suit, prosecution or other legal proceedings shall lie in any court or tribunal against any person or authority for or on account of or in respect of any order made, act or thing done, or action or proceedings taken whether in the exercise or purported exercise of the powers referred to in sub-paragraph (2) or in exercise or purported exercise or such powers.
(4) All appointments made during the said period to any office mentioned in the Third Schedule shall be deemed to have been validly made and shall not be called in question in or before any court, tribunal or authority on any ground whatsoever, and any person appointed under this said Proclamation to any such office during the said period and holding such office immediately before the date of commencement of the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1986 (Act I of 1986), hereinafter in this paragraph referred to as the said Act shall, as from that date hold such office as if appointed to that office under this Constitution; and shall, as soon as practicable after that date, make and subscribe before the appropriate person and oath or affirmation in the form set out in the Third Schedule.
(5) All appointments made by the Chief Martial law Administrator during the said period to any office or post which is continuing after the date of commencement of the said Act shall, as from that date, be deemed to be appointments made by the President.
(6) All Ordinances and other laws in force immediately before the date of commencement of the said Act shall, subject to the Proclamation revoking the said Proclamation and withdrawing the Martial Law, continue in force until altered, amended or repealed by competent authority.
(7) Upon the revocation of the said Proclamation and withdrawal of martial Law, this Constitution shall stand fully revived and restored and shall, subject to the provisions of this paragraph, have effect and operate as if it had never been suspended.
(8) The revocation of the said Proclamation and withdrawal of Martial Law shall not revive or restore any right or privilege which was not existing at the time of such revocation and withdrawal.
(9) The General Clauses Act, 1987, shall apply to the said Proclamation, and all other Proclamations, Proclamation Orders, Chief Martial Law Administrator's Orders, Martial Law Regulations, Martial Law orders and Martial Law instructions made during the said period and also to the revocation of the said Proclamation and other Proclamations and the repeal of the said Proclamation Orders, Chief Martial Law Administrator's Order, Martial Law Regulations, Martial Law Orders and Martial Law Instructions as it applies to, and to the repeal of, an Act of Parliamation Orders, Chief Martial Law Administrator's Orders, Martial Law Regulations, Martial Law Orders and Martial Law Instructions and the Proclamation revoking the said Proclamation were all Acts of Parliament.
(10) In this paragraph, "law" includes rules, regulations, bye-laws, orders, notifications and other instruments having the force of law]
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132[Art. 21.- Ratification and confirmation of the appointment of Vice-President, etc.
(1) The appointment of, and the administration of oath to the Chief Justice of Bangladesh as Vice-President on the 21st day of Agrahayan, 1397 B.S. corresponding to the 6th day of December, 1990 and the resignation tendered to him by the then President and all powers exercised, all laws and Ordinances made and all orders made, acts and things done, and actions taken, or purported to have been made, done or taken by the said Vice-President acting as President during the period between the 21st day of Agrahayan, 1397 B.S. corresponding to the 6th day of December, 1990 and the date of commencement of the Constitution (Eleventh Amendment) Act, 1991 (Act No. XXIV of 1991) (both days inclusive) or till the new President elected under article 48(I) of the Constitution has entered upon his office (whichever is later), are hereby ratified and connfirmed and declared to have been validly made, administered, tendered, exercised, done and taken according to law.
(2) The said Vice-President shall, after the commencement of the Constitution (Eleventh Amendment) Act, 1991 (Act No. XXIV of 1991), and after the new President elected under this Constitution has entered upon his office, be eligible to resume the duties and responsibilities of the Chief Justice of Bangladesh and the period between the 21st day of Agrahayan, 1397 B.S. corresponding to the 6th day of December, 1990 and the date of which he resumes such duties and responsibilities shall be deemed to be the period of actual service within the meaning of section 2(a) of the Supreme Court Judges (Leave, Pension and Privileges) Ordinance, 1982 (Ordinance No. XX of 1982)].
133[Art. 22.- Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, the Parliament functioning immediately before the commencement of the Constitution functioning immediately before the commencement of the Constitution (Twelfth Amendment) Act, 1991 (Act No. XXVIII of 1991) shall be deemed to have been duly elected and constituted in accordance with the Constitution and Law and shall continue to function under the provisions of article 72 of the Constitution.]
(124) Paragraph 3A was inserted by the Proclamation Order No. I of 1977.
(125) Sub-paragraphs (8), (9) and (10) were substituted for the former sub-paragraphs (8) and (9) by the Second Proclamation Order No. IV of 1978.
(126) Paragraph 6A was inserted by the Second Proclamation Order No. IV of 1976 (w.e.f. the 18th August, 1976).
(127) Paragraph 6B was inserted by the Second Proclamation Order No. I of 1977 (w.e.f. the 1st December, 1977).
(128) Paragraph "12. Local government" was omitted by the Constitution (Fourth Amendment), Act., 1975 (Act II of 1975), s. 33.
(129) Paragraph 18 was added by the Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1979 (Act I of 1979), s.2.
(130) Paragraph 19 was added by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment), Act., 1986 (Act I of 1986), s.3.
(131) Paragraph "20. Provisions relating to Vice-President" was omitted by the Constitution (Twelfth Amendment) Act, 1991 (Act XXVIII of 1991),s. 25(a) (w.e.f. 18-9-91).
(132) Paragraph 21 was added by the Consitution (Eleventh Amendment) Act, 1991 (Act XXIV of 1991), s.2.
(133) Paragraph 22 was added by the Constitution (Twelfth Amendment) Act, 1991 (Act. XXVIII of 1991), s.25(b) (w.e.f. 18-9-91).
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