2. Kommunist vooruzhenniy sil, No. 15 (1989), pp. 3-13.
3. RSFSR declared sovereignty on 14 June 1990. Ukraine issued a sovereignty declaration on 16 July 1990; Belorussia followed suit on 27 July 1990. Uzbekistan was first among the southern tier republics, declaring sovereignty on 20 June 1990, followed by Tadzhikistan (25 August 1990), Kazakhstan (25 October 1990), and Kirgizia (30 October 1990). Moldova declared sovereignty on 23 June 1990, Georgia on 9 March 1990. Armenia declared independence on 23 August 1990.
4. Pravda, 4 July 1989; Pravda, 5 July 1989, pp. 1-2; Krasnaya zvezda, 5 July 1989, pp. 1-3.
5. Leonid Ivashov, Marshal Yazov. Rokovoy avgust 91-go. Pravda o "Putche" (Belski: Belti, 1993), p. 40.
6. Interview with D. T. Yazov, "Defending the People's Security," Pravda, 23 February 1990, p. 3. He made similar points during a February 1990 radio address, when he denounced the "demagogues" who were labelling the Soviet military as an occupying army and demanded that the people agitating against the draft in the Baltic and Caucasus be "brought to book for anti-army propaganda." Yazov charged that activists were putting physical pressure on military commissars and people in enlistment offices. "Ostankino Radio Studio on the Air," live phone-in program with Defense Minister Dmitriy Yazov, Moscow Domestic Service, 1100 GMT, 17 February 1990.
7. Interview with USSR Defense Minister Yazov, "Spring Draft," Izvestiya, 12 March 1990, p. 3.
8. Interview with Marshal D.T. Yazov, "Responsibility for the Motherland's Fate," Pravda, 27 June 1990, p. 5.
9. Ivashov, p. 40.
10. See, for example, a summary of Yazov's remarks at a meeting with military servicemen who were also legislators at various levels, reported in Krasnaya zvezda, 6 November 1990, p. 1. See also interview with Army General M. Moiseyev, Chief of the Armed Forces General Staff, "You Cannot Remake the Army in a Hurry," Izvestiya, 23 December 1990, p. 5 and interview with Yazov on "Vremya," Moscow Television Service, 1900 GMT 24 Nov 1990.
11. Ivashov, pp. 53-58.
12. "With Hope and Belief: Appeal to Comrade M.S. Gorbachev," Sovetskaya rossiya, 22 December 1990, p. 1.
